The Papal Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi

The Papal Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi is so much more than the mother church of the Franciscan Order.  It’s really a living memorial to the teachings of St. Francis plus an accessible gallery to the extraordinary paintings by Giotto and Cimabue.

Note:  I’ve written a separate blog about the hill town of Assissi.

Basilica of St. Francis. Assissi, Italy 2016
Basilica of St. Francis. circa 13th century. Assissi, Italy 2016

As we approached the Basilica after a rain-drenched walk through Assissi, we were surprised to see soldiers guarding the church.  We had felt protected as we strolled through the town, never realizing that soldiers guaranteed our safety.  The soldiers were carrying out Operazione “Strade Sicure” (Operation Safe Streets) as part of activities in place throughout Italy.

Operation Safe Streets. Assissi, Italy 2016
Operation Safe Streets. Assissi, Italy 2016
DSC00452 Assissi 2016
Operation Safe Streets. Assissi, Italy 2016

The irony of soldiers guarding this area just steps fom a statue of St. Francis, spiritually exhausted, returning from war was not lost on us.  We are grateful for these soldiers and all the men and women who protect us during our travels.  Thank you!

Italian soldier in front of Francis, returning from war before he was a monk. Assissi, Italy 2016
Italian soldier in front of Francis, returning from war before he was a monk. Assissi, Italy 2016

We were advised to tour the Basilica late in the day in order to avoid crowds.  But we arrived so late that guards were slowly closing down the church.  We started in the top level — apparently, we should have started in the lower level — and had to make a mad dash to the lower level before it was closed.  We had allowed for 30 minutes in each of the levels but that was just not enough time to take in everything.  The exhausting run from the upper to the lower level in the pouring rain was absolutely, 100% worth the sprint:  when we arrived in the lower Basilica, mass with a full choir was being sung in Latin!  It was absolutely gorgeous.

But let me start with the Upper Basilica.  As we entered the upper level, a monk in a small booth to the right sold us entrance tickets.  A haphazard scatter of crowds walked up and down roped-off aisles, eyes aloft, admiring the frescoes that covered the walls of the church.

basilica_superiore_220
Photo from assisionline.com

When we visited Giotto’s works in Padua, we entered a sealed chamber to normalize our breath, then we were admitted to the Scrovegni Chapel in small groups for just 15 minutes.  This was done to protect the Giotto frescos.  But large crowds wandered at will around the St. Francis Basilica frescos and no measures were taken to protect the art.  The feeling seemed to continue the themes of St. Francis that people were more important than stuff.  Nevertheless, there is a controversy about the protection, and even the restoration efforts, of the Basilica’s wall paintings.

Giotto, Renunciation of Wordly Goods Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi, Upper Church Photo via: Wikimedia Commons
Giotto, Renunciation of Wordly Goods
Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi, Upper Church
Photo via: Wikimedia Commons

There was also controversy for many years about whether or not the paintings in the Basilica were by Giotto or by a variety of other painters.  During the restoration process in 2012, however, restorers discovered a signature of Giotto proving that at least some of the frescos were part of Giotto’s early body of work.

Despite the controversy, it was a thrill to see the cycle of 28 frescos up close.  They depict the life of St. Francis – the cathedral was started the day after Francis was named a saint so the stories of Francis were vivid.  I was not permitted to photograph the cycle; I think it was more because of crowd control than fear of damaging the paintings.  So I refer you to wikimedia for a full telling with photos of the cycle.

When we arrived breathless to the Lower Basilica (guards closed the church for the day right after we raced through the doors), the guards put their fingers to their lips to indicate silence.  We tiptoed into the Lower Basilica and we were greeted by a mass featuring a full choir with music.  It was glorious!

Photo from assisionline.com
Photo from assisionline.com

Every surface of the Lower Basilica is painted with scenes from the Bible.  The body of St. Francis is buried down a stairway discovered nearly 600 years after his death.  We relaxed into the calm of mass, satisfied with a full day of peace and beauty thanks to St. Francis of Assissi.

“Remember that when you leave this earth, you can take nothing that you have received…but only what you have given; a full heart enriched by honest service, love, sacrifice, and courage.”
— St. Francis of Assissi

Assissi, Italy 2016
Assissi, Italy 2016

Assissi, Italy

Assissi 2016
Assissi 2016

Assissi tumbles down a hillside inviting visitors to climb their way to worship.  In spite of all the stone, there is a feeling of softness to Assissi; it is an invitation to a simpler life.  Even the soldiers cradle their arms, clearly embarrassed at the need to bring weapons onto this sacred ground.

In Assissi we found subdued tourists who spoke in whispers, shopkeepers who offered keepsakes to pilgrims but charged reasonable prices, churches that emphasized art as a path to understanding rather than a treasure to keep under lock and key.  For 100 different reasons we felt welcomed as part of a gentle community in Assissi.

(Note:  I write about the Basillica of St. Francis of Assissi in a companion blog.)

Assissi 2016
Assissi 2016

When we first spotted Assissi from a distance, it looked like Rivendell, cloaked in mists and holding its head up against the rain.  We were surrounded by hill towns but I wanted this particular hill town to be Assissi because it was breath-taking in its beauty.  I let out a sigh of pleasure when we realized this special town was, indeed, our destination.

We followed the Rick Steves app for Assissi.  Before we left home, we downloaded all of Rick Steves’ audios tours and maps of Italy onto our Smartphones.  The tours are excellent and do not eat up your data plan if you download the tours ahead of time.  The tours all use just a tiny bit of energy from your phone so you don’t have to worry about running down your battery.  Just plug in any set of earphones and you are ready to go.

We used the Rick Steves tour book which was spot on in recommending parking.  However, after parking the car below ground, we realized we were on the basillica side of town, about a mile away from the start of the audio tour at Piazza Matteotti.   We used the immaculate bathrooms and then asked the parking attendant if there was a way to get to Piazza Matteotti.  “Just take the bus,” he advised.  We walked to the nearest souvenir shop to buy the $1 bus ticket.  When we walked in, the shop attendant did not even look up from her phone conversation, she just pushed three tickets our way and accepted our euros.

Assissi, Italy 2016
Assissi, Italy 2016

We walked about 50 steps to the stop and a large, clean bus arrived almost immediately.  We dropped our tickets into the slot near the driver and settled back for a fast ride that circled the town of Assissi, dropping passengers at about four stops before reaching Matteotti Piazza.

Now here’s the thing that makes me crazy about Rick Steves tours.  I can never seem to find the spot to begin the tour.  The directions are clear, “exit the square from its uphill or northeast corner.”  Here’s the problem.  We had no compass.  (Note to self:  pack a compass for my next trip.)  And every corner of the square looked to be uphill.  Rick advised the piazza is on the east end of town.  So it would make sense that northeast would continue in the direction east of town.  Nope.  We tried every corner before asking a local resident where our first stop, a Roman ampitheater ruin could be found.  The resident was friendly but took a moment to direct a truck hauling propane tanks to a pull off on the ancient medieval street.  We watched, fascinated, as the driver backed his huge truck into a chariot-sized space.  Then the resident smiled and pointed down a tiny alley so off we trotted.

Truck parking in Assissi, Italy 2016
Truck parking in Assissi, Italy 2016
Assissi, Italy 2016
This is how the mail is delivered in Assissi, Italy 2016. We stumbled upon the mail scooter while looking for a Roman ruin.
Assissi, Italy 2016
These are the ruins of an ancient Roman laundry in Assissi, Italy. 2016
Assissi, Italy 2016
See that curved wall? It’s what is left of a Roman amphitheater. Homes have been built right on top of the ruin. Imagine sending the kids out to play in the ruins of the old colosseum! These homes were built in the 13th and 14th centuries. Assissi, Italy 2016.

When you visit Assissi, you’ll definitely want to visit the cathedral but the back streets of Assissi are beyond charming.  We visited in March before the chaos of visitors and flowers, but already we could see spring in every street we walked along.  I would love to return in June during the town’s wall garden competition.  If this early preview of flowers was any sign, the June showcase must be unequaled.

Assissi, Italy 2016

Assissi, Italy 2016

Assissi, Italy 2016
Assissi, Italy 2016
Assissi, Italy 2016
Assissi, Italy 2016
Assissi, Italy 2016
Assissi, Italy 2016

We, however, visited on a cold, rainy day in March so most people were tucked inside their homes.  The few residents we saw scurried quickly under umbrellas from small shops to small stone houses.  As they shut their doors, a golden, glowing light would come on in their front window hinting at warmth and comfort.  We were left in the rain and cold but were still delighted by the care residents took with their front stoops and extensive gardens.  The 2,000-year-old town of Assissi has taken full advantage of location and climate to create a graceful city with winding streets that slowly reveals pink-tinted limestone pleasures around every corner.  Every half hour or so, bells would ring out to celebrate the day and we would be reminded anew that we were just three women among millions who have made the pilgrimage to Assissi.

Assissi, Italy 2016
Assissi, Italy 2016
Assissi, Italy 2016
Assissi, Italy 2016
Assissi, Italy 2016
Assissi, Italy 2016
Assissi, Italy 2016
Assissi, Italy 2016

Assissi is filled with churches, each a treasure with a story to tell. The Cathedral of San Rufino is located just west of the Piazza Matteotti. Named after Assissi’s first bishop and patron saint, the cathedral was built in the 11th century with a Romanesque facade.  Both St. Francis and St. Clare were baptized here.

Assissi, Italy 2016
Cathedral of San Rufino,Assissi, Italy 2016
Saint Francis was baptized at San Rufino. Assissi, Italy 2016
Saint Francis and Saint Clare were both baptized at San Rufino in the mid-12th century. . Assissi, Italy 2016.
Assissi, Italy 2016
Statue of St. Clare dating from 1888. Assissi, Italy 2016.
Assissi, Italy 2016
Statue of St. Francis from 1888.  Assissi, Italy 2016
This is the old Roman cistern located within the San Rufino Cathedral. This was the town's main water source when under attack. Assissi 2016
This is the old Roman cistern located within the San Rufino Cathedral. This was Assissi’s main water source when the town was under attack. Assissi 2016
San Rufino. Assissi 2016
San Rufino. Assissi 2016
12th century stone work outside San Runio.
12th century stone work outside San Runio.

In spite of the importance of Assissi as a rich hill town along the trade route between Rome and nothern Italy, we were drawn to Assissi because of our love for St Francis.  He may have been the first saint we learned about after the Holy Family.  St. Francis loved animals.  St. Francis preached to the birds.  St. Francis was humble. We should be like St. Francis.  These were the teachings of our nuns, the Sisters of St. Joseph, when we attended St. Andrews School in Upper Arlington, Ohio.  I loved the reality of the paragons of virtue that our nuns presented to us.  “I should be more like St. Francis,” I would think and make a mental note to be nicer to our little dog, Tiki.    The nuns’ stories, however, never quite squared with the reality of bringing home a lost animal and asking, “Can I keep him?”  Mom always said no.   Obviously she had not taken the St. Francis story to heart.

Statue of St. Francis of Assissi in front of an Assissi store.
Statue of St. Francis of Assissi in front of an Assissi store.

I was particularly touched by the honest approach of shopkeepers in Assissi.  They did not hawk their goods or gouge tourists.  Prices were fair. For example, I purchased a pair of hand-made olive wood salad tossers for under $10; in Rome, similar wood implements cost more than double that. Shopkeepers took their time, looked you in the eye, and wished you a pleasant visit.

Shop in Assissi, Italy 2016.
Shop in Assissi, Italy 2016.
Shop in Assissi, Italy 2016.
Shop in Assissi, Italy 2016.
Shop in Assissi, Italy 2016.
Religious items are sold in nearly every shop. Assissi, Italy 2016.
Shop in Assissi, Italy 2016.
Traditional breads are offered at numerous bakeries along the streets of Assissi. Assissi, Italy 2016.
DSC00400 Assissi 2016
Look around and you’ll see grandparents everywhere on tour. Shopkeepers know this and market beautifully-made children’s clothing for grandmas to take home to their little bambinos. Shop window in Assissi, Italy 2016.
DSC00431 Assissi 2016
Shop in Assissi, Italy 2016.
Shop. Assissi, Italy, 2016.
Arced roof of the old Market painted in the 16th century. Assissi, Italy, 2016.

Assissi also features many monks walking the streets, often arm-in-arm with a visiting tourist.  I was never sure if they were proselytizing monks or monks-tour-guides-for-hire, or what, but they were prodigious and friendly on the streets of Assissi.  Rick Steves writes, “All over Europe I find monks hard to approach. But there’s something about “the jugglers of God,” as peasants have called the Franciscan friars for eight centuries, that this Lutheran finds wonderfully accessible. (Franciscans modeled themselves after French troubadours — or jongleurs — who roved the countryside singing and telling stories and jokes)” (Steves).

DSC00398 Assissi 2016
Monk and visitor in Assissi, Italy 2016.

As we grew pscyho-glycemic, we began to search for a place to get out of the rain and enjoy a relaxing lunch.  We spotted this little Trattoria Spadini in a side street near the Piazza Santa Chiara and dashed in from the rain.  Many people laugh at the idea of a Tourist Menu, but we gamely ordered the tourist specials for 15 Euros and filled our tummies with superbly prepared food.  We also enjoyed the delightful company of two flirty bus drivers who accompanied some of the hundreds of students on tour of Assissi but chose to dine at the table next to us.  The old adage to eat where the bus drivers eat held true even in Assissi.

DSC00391 Assissi 2016
Trattoria near Santa Chiera. Assissi, Italy 2016.
Vegetable bean soup. Assissi, Italy 2016.
Vegetable bean soup. Assissi, Italy 2016.
Pasta! Assissi, Italy 2016.
Pasta! Assissi, Italy 2016.
Pasta! Assissi, Italy 2016.
Pasta! Assissi, Italy 2016.
Cappacino. Assissi, Italy 2016.
Cappacino. Assissi, Italy 2016.

After warming up over our delicious lunch, we strolled to the Piazza San Chiara to see the Church of St. Clare.  We walked under lovely pink arches and came out on one of the large piazzas that Italians do so well.  I love these meeting places where people can gather to enjoy the sunshine and the company of others.  Empty in the rain, we treasured the quiet and enjoyed seeing the merry-go-round featuring a breast-feeding madonna.

Piazza San Chiara. Assissi, Italy 2016
Piazza San Chiara. Assissi, Italy 2016
Tourists in the rain. Assissi, Italy 2016
Tourists in the rain. Assissi, Italy 2016
Assissi, Italy, 2016.
Assissi, Italy, 2016.
Piazza San Chiara. Assissi, Italy 2016
Piazza San Chiara. Assissi, Italy 2016
Pigeons. Assissi, Italy 2016
Pigeons. Assissi, Italy 2016

The Church of St. Clare is pretty and worth a quick breeze-through.  But we were tired of the cold, driving rain and intent on reaching the Cathedral of St. Francis.  So after a few minutes visit to St. Clare’s, we continued wandering through the streets of Assissi and found ourselves at the Church of St. Stefano.

The rural Church of St. Stefano was built by local builders without a plan.  It’s a typical Italian hill-town church built outside the city walls.

Santo Stefano. Assissi, Italy, 2016.
Santo Stefano. Assissi, Italy, 2016.
Assissi, Italy, 2016.
Assissi, Italy, 2016.

Most of Assissi was built on the ruins of an ancient Roman city.  The Temple to Minerva still stands.  We found students sitting on the steps, smoking cigarettes and ducking out from their roving chaperones.  Four boys, about 14 years old, laughed with us when we asked for a photo, and were friendly as they enjoyed their field trip away from school.

DSC00439 Assissi teens
Teens on a field trip hang out in a stairway. Assissi, Italy 2016

Located on the Piazza del Commune, the 1st century BC Temple of Minerva marks Assissi as always representing a sacred place.  The Temple once towered over the street but as the street was paved and repaved, the street just kept getting closer to the Temple.

Temple of Minerva. Assissi, Italy, 2016.
Temple of Minerva. Assissi, Italy, 2016.

The very first Nativity scene, or creche, was created by St. Francis.  I love beautiful creches and enjoyed seeing the many creche displays located throughout Assissi.

DSC00459 Assissi 2016
Creche. Assissi, Italy, 2016.
DSC00429 Assissi 2016
Creche. Assissi, Italy, 2016.

Here’s my nativity scene that I put up every  Christmas.  My parents gave me nearly every Lenox piece and my father built the stable, one of my very favorite possessions.

Grano Christmas creche, 2015
Grano Christmas creche, 2015
My sister gave me the large elephant on the far left for my 50th birthday. Christmas creche, 2011
My sister gave me the large elephant on the far left for my 50th birthday. Christmas creche, 2011

And now, on to the Basillica of St. Francis of Assissi!

Assissi, Italy 2016
Assissi, Italy 2016

Just one closing thought:  Why is that every time I type out the word “Assissi” I keep wanting to spell “Mississippi?”

Sources

Steves, R. (n.d.). Franciscan Friars and Tourists Share Assisi. Retrieved from Rick Steves’ Europe: https://www.ricksteves.com/watch-read-listen/read/articles/franciscan-friars-and-tourists-share-assisi